Медицинское образование и профессиональное развитие № 4 (52) 2023

Medical Education and Professional Development

Medical Teachers Community Journal

The Journal serves to consolidate medical teachers: it addresses the issues of practical teaching at the medical and pharmaceutical Universities and colleges, tracing the most progressive trends emerging in the fields of training modes and proficiency assessment to develop effective teaching and learning.

The Journal is expected to publish the translations of some most valuable articles from the foreign journals and books on the medical education, and in particular such journals like Medical Education, Medical Teacher etc.


Topic number
4 . 2023
Educational technologies

DESIGNING AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR A SPECIALIST WITH TWO MEDICAL QUALIFICATIONS

Abstract

This article discusses an example of designing a specialty program, based on the results of mastering which, the graduate is awarded 2 medical qualifications. The conditions for designing such an educational program, possible difficulties in organizing the state final certification of graduates, as well as aspects related to admission to medical practice are highlighted and discussed. The presented educational program with 2 qualifications can be used by educational organizations of higher education when designing educational programs in order to increase competitiveness and attractiveness for applicants.

ASSESSING BAD NEWS DELIVERY SKILLS TO A PATIENT: ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE BREAKING “BAD NEWS ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE (BAS)” METHODOLOGY

Abstract

Introduction. Assessment of bad news reporting skills to the patient is an integral component of physician training in professional communication, performing diagnostic, control, developmental, and stimulating control functions, provided that the assessment tools are standardized, i. e., valid and reliable. However, in Russian medical educational practice such a tool is absent.

The aim of the study is to translate and adapt the standardized “Breaking bad news Assessment Schedule (BAS)” (Miller S.J.) methodology to a sample of residents.

Material and methods. A description of the validated technique itself, the sample on which the study was conducted, is given. In the validation process, a forward and backward translation of the technique was performed, a cognitive interview was conducted, and 22 residents were evaluated and interviewed. The reliability-coherence of the five sections of the questionnaire was assessed. Criterion validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the contrast-group method, where sex differences were the validation criterion. To assess the retest reliability of the questionnaire, residents were questioned again six months after training in the bad news reporting technique.

Results. The reliability of the BAS questionnaire was found to be excellent (α=0.95). The proportion of respondents who had no difficulty in understanding the questions of the questionnaire was very high – ​98%. The results of comparing the structures of the integral marks given by the expert to the respondents and the respondents are statistically significantly different: the expert assessed the communication skills of the respondents more strictly compared to the self-assessments of the respondents. The results of the comparative analysis of the structures of marks in the primary and repeated questionnaires of the residents show that, in general, they are statistically significantly different. A study of the retest reliability of the questionnaire showed that the questionnaire is reliable as a tool for assessing bad news reporting.

Conclusion. The Russian-language version of the BAS technique is reliable, valid, and allows us to assess and examine the level of bad news reporting skills and residents’ and physicians’ readiness to have a difficult conversation with a patient in many training programs during residency training.

ASSESSING BAD NEWS DELIVERY SKILLS TO A PATIENT: ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE BREAKING “BAD NEWS ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE (BAS)” METHODOLOGY

Abstract

Introduction. Assessment of bad news reporting skills to the patient is an integral component of physician training in professional communication, performing diagnostic, control, developmental, and stimulating control functions, provided that the assessment tools are standardized, i. e., valid and reliable. However, in Russian medical educational practice such a tool is absent.

The aim of the study is to translate and adapt the standardized “Breaking bad news Assessment Schedule (BAS)” (Miller S.J.) methodology to a sample of residents.

Material and methods. A description of the validated technique itself, the sample on which the study was conducted, is given. In the validation process, a forward and backward translation of the technique was performed, a cognitive interview was conducted, and 22 residents were evaluated and interviewed. The reliability-coherence of the five sections of the questionnaire was assessed. Criterion validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the contrast-group method, where sex differences were the validation criterion. To assess the retest reliability of the questionnaire, residents were questioned again six months after training in the bad news reporting technique.

Results. The reliability of the BAS questionnaire was found to be excellent (α=0.95). The proportion of respondents who had no difficulty in understanding the questions of the questionnaire was very high – ​98%. The results of comparing the structures of the integral marks given by the expert to the respondents and the respondents are statistically significantly different: the expert assessed the communication skills of the respondents more strictly compared to the self-assessments of the respondents. The results of the comparative analysis of the structures of marks in the primary and repeated questionnaires of the residents show that, in general, they are statistically significantly different. A study of the retest reliability of the questionnaire showed that the questionnaire is reliable as a tool for assessing bad news reporting.

Conclusion. The Russian-language version of the BAS technique is reliable, valid, and allows us to assess and examine the level of bad news reporting skills and residents’ and physicians’ readiness to have a difficult conversation with a patient in many training programs during residency training.

APPLICATION OF ACTIVE FORMS AND METHODS OF TEACHING IN BIOLOGY CLASSES AT A MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Abstract

For a future doctor biology is a fundamental discipline that helps to determine the features of the human structure at different levels of organization: from molecular to organizational, to consider the mechanisms of functioning of cells, tissues, organ systems, to analyze all the options for relationships with the environment and the principles of regulation of the functions of the whole organism. Having entered the university, the student realizes that the education system and the principle of teaching in it are different from school ones, the student must master most of the material independently, the function of the teacher is often reduced to the control of knowledge on the studied material. As a result, many first-year students experience stress when adapting to the new conditions of the educational process, which leads to difficulties in mastering new sections of biology. To stimulate cognitive activity in the class room, in addition to simple listening, viewing and taking notes, it is necessary to use active forms and methods of teaching, this will contribute to improving the effectiveness of the educational process. The article describes the methodological approaches developed by the authors for teaching biology at a medical university, stimulating the cognitive activity of first-year students.

APPROACHES TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEACHING AT A MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Abstract

The graduates of medical universities should be able to solve problems and achieve goals in conditions of limited resources in addition to professional competencies. An implementation of project approach in medical organizations requires new methods for the formation of students’ project competencies. The paper presents the experience of the development and an implementation of the discipline “Project activity in medicine and healthcare”. Some approaches to the pedagogical design of the course’s syllabus are described, the features of an interdisciplinary approach to teaching are presented, the place of the course in the medical curriculum is presented and its connection with other courses of the curriculum are described, approaches to the thematic planning and the use of innovative teaching technologies are demonstrated.

The course is proposed as a theoretical basis for the subsequent application of project competencies during other courses and practices, participation in research and innovative activities of students. The authors analyzed the results of a cross-sectional survey of students about satisfaction of the course teaching. Results represent high level of satisfaction with training and the interest of students in most topics of lectures and practical classes.

Professional Development

TEACHER’S ADVANCED TRAINING IN A HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Abstract

The article analyzes the duties of teachers of higher educational institutions, which made it possible to identify the main priority components necessary for periodic professional development: pedagogical, informational, legal and research. A survey was conducted among the teachers of General Chemistry Department of the Ural State Medical University, who completed advanced training courses in chemistry, pedagogy, information technology. That made it possible to show the necessity and importance of advanced training for the quality performance of their duties: 90% of teachers consider it necessary to periodically improve their qualifications in pedagogy, and 70% according to the methodology of teaching the academic discipline, 80% of teachers consider it a necessary element of advanced training – ​mandatory practical work to consolidate the acquired knowledge. Knowledge of legal laws that protect intellectual property rights, the skills and abilities of obtaining patents and grants, as well as knowledge of the main changes in labor legislation become important for the teacher. And everyone, without exception, believes that in order to improve skills, it is simply necessary to participate in scientific and practical conferences as a participant and leader, to publish the results of scientific and pedagogical activities in the journals indexable by State Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles in various specialties.

SPECIFICS OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Abstract

Professional self-determination of medical university students is an important aspect of professional development. Professional self-determination sets the goals and motivation of training. It forms the basis for the development of personal qualities, knowledge, and skills. All these are necessary for successful medical practice. The article presents the results of a survey of 409 students studying at the graduate courses of the pediatric faculty. Most of the respondents made their professional choice by themselves (78.7%). The professional choice was made after school (59.2%). By the end of the training, students were satisfied with the choice (78%), the learning process (87.3%) and ready to work in a profession (85.4%), having determined the specialisation in the medical profession (71.6%). The most expressed professional motives are internal socially significant, and external positive motives. Also, professional choice is determinate by humanistic orientation and scientific interest. The correlations between the early motivation, satisfaction of choice and learning process, and structured professional future have been showed. The analysis of the data showed that consistent professional self-development in humanistic orientation and implementation of scientific interests is the most optimal for medical education. The data got show the need to study the laws of professional self-determination of medical students. Management of the process of professional development at the stage of training at the university is an important part of preparation for the future profession and affects the further professional development of the young specialist.

EXPERIENCE OF TRAINING RESIDENTS OF VARIOUS SPECIALTIES IN PROVIDING ASSISTANCE TO STROKE PATIENTS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY IAPE BSMU

Abstract

High significance of stroke requires the training of professionally competent doctors. The article presents an analysis of testing the initial knowledge of 785 residents of various specialties of the first year of study at the Bashkir State Medical University before and after undergoing a stroke lesson from March to April 2023 at the department of neurology. Analysis of respondent’ answers showed that residents are poorly informed about stroke risk factors, strategies for primary and secondary prevention of stroke, the first signs of stroke and first aid for stroke. After completing the stroke lesson, the results of testing of residents improved significantly. The results of the study indicate the need for educational stroke programs for residents of all specialties.

Experience

LIFESTYLE MEDICINE: WORLD EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CURRICULUM OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Abstract

Background. Lifestyle medicine, as a new field of preventive medicine, is aimed at eliminating the root causes of diseases caused by unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity, stress, alcohol and psychoactive substances, tobacco smoking, irrational work and rest regime, overwork and poor quality sleep. The introduction of lifestyle medicine into the curriculum as an educational discipline can contribute to a better understanding of the role of prevention of chronic diseases, as well as the improvement of individual and public health.

The aim. The study of modern foreign experience of teaching lifestyle medicine at different levels of education of medical professionals (from students to practicing medical personnel) to consider the possibility of introducing this experience into the curricula of the Russian education system.

Material and methods. As a result of a search in the PubMed international database based on the keywords "lifestyle medicine", "healthy lifestyle", "medical workers" and "education", limited to the period from 2014 to 2022, more than a thousand systematic reviews, meta-analyses and articles devoted to these scientific and practical areas were found. Outcomes of interest included the health of patients and the population, as well as the quality of health care workers. Articles exclusively in English were used in the selection of articles. The agreed expert opinions of the authors were used as inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the final selection and exclusion of the results of insufficient scientific and practical significance, the analysis included the most suitable 18 sources (of these, about 80% over the past 5 years) from 4 countries. The authors evaluated the quality of these reviews, meta-analyses and articles and obtained generalized new data on the studied problem.

Results and discussion. The review presents the results of the analysis and generalization of 18 systematic reviews, meta-analyses and articles that describe the features of training in the field of lifestyle medicine as a branch of medicine, a field of science, an educational discipline, as well as the health-enhancing power of daily habits and practices. The article presents the discovered foreign programs, practices and recommendations aimed at the formation of necessary competencies in the field of a healthy lifestyle among medical workers.

Conclusion. The programs, practices and recommendations currently used abroad aimed at the formation of the necessary competencies in the field of a healthy lifestyle among medical workers have been identified. It is proposed to use the foreign experience of including the discipline of healthy lifestyle in specialty’s, bachelor’s, master’s and continuing medical education programs.

MATERIALS OF THE II INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ROSMEDOBR (OCTOBER 18–21, 2023, MOSCOW)

MATERIALS OF THE II INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ROSMEDOBR (OCTOBER 18–21, 2023, MOSCOW). CONTINUATION

Abstract

All articles in our journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 license)

CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Balkizov Zalim Zamirovich
Secretary General of the Russian Society of Medical Education Specialists, Director of the Institute of Training of Medical Education Specialists of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, 125993, Moscow, Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Vocational Education and Educational Technologies of the N.I. Pirogov RNIMU of the MOH of Russia, CEO of GEOTAR-Med, Advisor President of the National Medical Chamber, Moscow, Russian Federation

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