Topic number
2 . 2018
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Abstract
Simulation technologies

Criteria for estimating effectiveness of simulation training for practical health care

Abstract
The article contains the main key performance criteria and directions of training in the sphere of simulation medical education for practical health care; it outlines generalized experience of the training center for medical workers - Medical Simulation Center of City Clinical Hospital named after S.P. Botkin (MSC of Botkin Hospital) in educating specialists of practical health care of surgical profile. The efficiency and effectiveness of simulation training of medical workers for practical health care and medical science is determined by the criteria, among which are the following: practical results; practice-oriented type of training; full-time form of educational programs; total complexity of mastering programs; objectivity of the examination of professional competence of practical health care specialists; continuous improvement of professional level of medical workers.
The positive experience of the MSC of Botkin Hospital has showed the expediency of investing material resources in the implementation of the idea of organizing a multieducational center, which is now an ideal practical platform for continuous improvement of professional competencies of health care professionals. The effective activity and effectiveness of the training center for medical workers - the MSC of Botkin Hospital confirms the importance of using innovative technologies in the organization of additional professional education of medical workers for the capital's practical health care and medical science.

Training of gynecologists in the development of continuous medical education, using the virtual-reality simulator HYSTsim

Abstract
Operative hysteroresectoscopy is an integral part of gynecological surgery. However, the possibilities of teaching this technology are limited. Modern technologies of simulation training allow to solve the problems in postgraduate education of doctors, giving the opportunity within their existing programs to improve their skills without risks for lives of real patients.
Material and methods. From April to December (2016) 72 experienced and inexperienced gynecologists were trained at the course "operative hysteresisectoscopy" on the virtual simulator HystSim in the Medical Simulation Center of City Clinical Hospital named after S.P. Botkin.
Results. Face and construct validity of simulation training were assessed using a standardized hysteresisectoscopic program HystSim and questioning participants. They were given 2 tasks: hysteroresectoscopic removal of polyps of various differences. It was shown that at the end of the course, almost all students received the highest score. Conclusion. Successful training of hysteroresectoscopy skills on the virtual simulator HystSim allows surgeons to operate real patients.

Practical skills training optimization in obstetrics and gynecology: from routine to up-to-date robotic technologies

Abstract
Practical skills in the specialty before applying them in clinical practice should be acquired by obstetrician-gynecologists in specialized centers equipped with high-tech simulators and computerized robotic dummies, as well as programs that simulate clinical situations, including team trainings on interdisciplinary interaction. Anonymous survey residents and obstetricians-gynecologists found that simulation training facilitates the transition to clinical practice and getting of emergency care skills, but significantly reduces level of self-assessment skills in the initial stage of the simulation.

Simulation training of «Pain management»

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The aims of this development in the teaching of the Discipline "Pain Treatment" are the systematization of the students' acquired knowledge and skills, the acquisition of certain clinical competencies, the development of communication skills. Teaching discipline is interdisciplinary, because examines the narrow issues of treating pain from the perspective of many clinical disciplines. The interprofessional approach in teaching allows using the available knowledge, forming clinical thinking based on etiological and pathogenetic principles of pain syndrome diagnosis. Hybrid training is used in the work, which allows for comprehensive training and assessment of technical and communication skills.

The process of soft skills formation in medical university

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The articfe defines the vafue of non-technicaf skiffs (soft skiffs) for the professionaf competence of a doctor. Generaf cufturaf and generaf professionaf competences are presented in accordance with the requirements of the Federaf State Educationaf Standard in higher education of the third generation in the speciafty "Generaf Medicine" and the number of discipfines, which forms soft skiffs, are determined. The rofe of simufation technofogies in the devefopment of non-technicaf skiffs is considered.
Educational Technologies

Amee guide # 84. Problem-based learning: getting the most out of your students; their roles and responsibilities

Abstract
This guide discusses the considerable literature on the merits or shortcomings of Problem Based Learning (PBL), and the factors that promote or inhibit it, when seen through the eyes of the student. It seems to be the case that PBL works best when students and faculty understand the various factors that influence learning and are aware of their roles; this Guide deals with each of the main issues in turn. One of the most important concepts to recognise is that students and Faculty share the responsibility for learning and there are several factors that can influence its success. They include student motivation for PBL and the various ways in which they respond to being immersed in the process. As faculty, we also need to consider the way in which the learning environment supports the students develop the habit of lifelong learning, and the skills and attitudes that will help them become competent reflective practitioners. Each of these elements place responsibilities upon the student, but also upon the Faculty and learning community they are joining. Although all of the authors work in a European setting, where PBL is used extensively as a learning strategy in many medical schools, the lessons learned we suggest , apply more widely and several of the important factors apply to any form of curriculum. This Guide follows on from a previous review in the AMEE Guides in Medical education series, which provided an overview of PBL [121] and attempts to emphasise the key role that students have in mastering their subject through PBL. This should render the business of being a student a little less mystifying, and help faculty to see how they can help their students acquire the independence and mastery that they will need.

Formation of information competencies of students of a medical university with the application of electronic training technologies

Abstract
The article presents the prospects of introduction of distance learning technologies in the educational process of a medical university. The methods of organization of information and methodological support of self-training of students are introduced. The problem of personnel support of the system of distance learning in a university is covered. The formation of information competencies of medical students is proposed to be carried out using the Learning Management System (LMS) Moodle. The results of the analysis of the distance learning technologies use in the educational process based on a survey of students.

Community-based approach in medical education: prospects and problems of its introduction

Abstract
The concept of the community-based learning in medical education appeared in 1970-1980's and was introduced in medical schools. Community-based medical education is the medical education focusing on population groups and individuals living in the certain area and considering their healthcare needs. The aim of the community-based approach is to train physicians who are able and want to work in the communities and to be effective in dealing with health problems on any level of medical services. Community-based learning has important advantages providing students adequate experience of real health conditions in the population, opportunities of teamwork with other healthcare professionals, and understanding of the role of social factors and causal relationships in disease development. New community-based programs for medical students may reduce the gap between community and medical school needs, increase attention to ethnical, cultural and language differences in population groups, and promote collaboration among all involved parties. Significant outcomes of community-based approach in medical education are expected, such as transfer from theory to practice, communication with larger number of patients and healthcare specialists, expanding students' ideas on medical interventions, increased interprofessional cooperation, attraction of larger number of graduates to work in rural areas, and providing experience of developing effective relationships between professionals and community. Institutional barriers to introduce the community-based approach may be associated with the fear of loosing control and comfortable conditions of teaching and consideration of educational innovations to be time, money and resource consuming. However the inevitable part of medical education is its introduction in the community.

Medical physiology for medical schools

Abstract
The analysis of physiology teaching in Russian medical schools leads to the conclusion that it does not meet the requirements of physician education. One of the leading causes is some vagueness of this field definition, a loss of a clear understanding as to what kind of physiology is essential for today physicians. As a result, there is no much difference between a physiology course taught in medical schools and biological faculties, and medical students have to perform (now mainly virtually) hundreds-years old experiments on frogs, study many issues essential to future research workers, but not practical physicians, renowned but having today only historical significance concepts. More so, current curriculums rely much on mere knowledge rather than on the ability to operate with it, which constitute the daily physician activity in diagnosis and treatment. As an alternative the paradigm of medical physiology, quite de facto common in Western universities, is proposed. According to it, the main goal of teaching physiology to medical students is mastering of main standard concepts of medical physiology, that is of the ability to operate freely with basic notions on organism functioning, accepted and used by the global medical community. Principles of such curriculums elaboration are discussed, and some specific examples are given.

Electronic environment for postgraduate medical education

Abstract
The use of electronic educational environment by medical university for postgraduate training depends not only on the competence of a teacher, but also on the graduate students themselves. Topical issues of the use of electronic environment is the analysis of postgraduate understanding of the features of the organization of e-learning and their readiness for learning using information and educational resources, interactive attendance, interactive interaction with the teacher. In the article the author introduces the results of the research conducted at the Department of medical pedagogics, philosophy and foreign languages of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education.
Professional Development

Psychological-pedagogical factors of compliance

Abstract
The problem of compliance in medicine is one of the most urgent. The article analyzes the psychological and pedagogical factors that influence the situation in compliance. On the one hand, these are factors related to the patient: his type of character accentuation, the degree of his psychological maturity, motivation. On the other hand, for the first time, attention is drawn to factors related to the physician: the psychologist-pedagogical competence of the doctor and his psychological maturity. The author also analyzes the methods of diagnosing the patient's compliance. The emphasis is placed on the fact that in the process of education both in the university and in postgraduate vocational education, more attention should be given to the study of psychology as a practical discipline. To develop psychological and pedagogical skills, modern methods of teaching, simulation technologies, and trainings should be used more actively.
Point of veiw

Higher medical education: baccalaureate-magistracy

Abstract

The article is devoted to the prospects for the development of higher medical education in the system of levels of higher education bachelor's-master's degree in the light of the forthcoming transition to primary accreditation of persons, who will receive higher education after the 1st January 2019 for basic educational programs in accordance with federal state educational standards in the field of education "Health and Medical Sciences” (baccalaureate, magistracy). Proposals have been made to introduce amendments to a number of normative legal acts regulating the sphere of public health with the aim of improving and developing higher medical education in bachelor and master's programs.

Experience

Scientific work of residents at the medical institute of North-Eastern Federal University

Abstract
The article presents the experience of the organization of scientific work of residents in the faculty of postgraduate training of doctors of the medical Institute of North-Eastern Federal University. In all departments are trained residents according to the new requirements of the federal state educational standards, in addition to the theoretical course and practice, residents are still engaged in scientific activity.

Automation of the front-cycle schedule in Tver State Medical University

Abstract
The article describes the experience of automation of the frontal-cycle schedule in Tver State Medical University on the basis of "1C: Automated scheduling. University".

On the introduction of the methodology of longitudinal education of responsible researchers in medical schools of Kyrgyzstan (based on studies of the Vilnius university experience)

Abstract
Medical research misconduct is an urgent problem all over the world. A poor culture of scientific research is one of the main reasons of the problem. Medical schools are given great importance in the nurturing of culture of scientific research.
The aims of study is an acquaintance and discloses of an experience of scientific and ethical education at the Faculty of Medicine of Vilnius University (Lithuania) and, on the basis of the study, develop recommendations for the implementation of a methodology of a longitudinal responsible researchers' education in medical schools in Kyrgyzstan. The research tasks included the study of such components of the faculty educational system as: value bases, curricula and programs for scientific and ethical education; university departments engaged in training; teaching methods and resources.
The study results showed that the responsible researchers' education at the faculty has a state scale and significance. The values of the educational environment are the traditional classical university values, forced by the fundamental values of academic ethics and research ethics, democratic atmosphere and social responsibility. An integrated approach to education process includes early, long-term, targeted and gradual training throughout the pre-diploma training at the faculty. At the same time, ethical and scientific training are considered in a complex and alternating in a certain order, ensuring continuity of blocks of disciplines, facilitating, structuring and potentiating the process of mastering, necessary for scientific activity, professional competencies. Theoretical knowledge is forced by practical training in internship at the sixth year of training. The rich resources of the biomedical research review system and bioethical informing at national and international levels serving as mechanisms for ethical regulation of scientific research and clear example of the research ethics practical application as well as important learning resources for responsible researchers' education at the university.
Thus, Vilnius University has a favorable educational system, integrating and purposefully ensuring the development of the professional competencies and values of responsible conduct of medical research at all stages of prediploma training.
As a result of our research, we came to the conclusion that the Vilnius University has a positive experience in creating an optimal educational system for the nurturing of a culture of scientific research at medical students, which can be useful for developing and further implementation a longitudinal method of responsible researcher's education at medical schools in Kyrgyzstan.

Information support of research activities of the University (from the experience of the scientific library of Privolzhsky Research Medical University)

Abstract
Traditional and new forms of the library service as well as the experience of efficient cooperation and mutual interest of the scientific library of the Privolzhsky Research Medical University and the university staff in the university development are presented in this article. Much attention is paid to the bibliographic education of the users as a part of the information culture of a person and essential knowledge for scientific activity. Library acquisition with e-resources is one of the questions raised in this article.
Ronald Harden’s Blog

Ronald Harden`s blog

Abstract

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CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Balkizov Zalim Zamirovich
Secretary General of the Russian Society of Medical Education Specialists, Director of the Institute of Training of Medical Education Specialists of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, 125993, Moscow, Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Vocational Education and Educational Technologies of the N.I. Pirogov RNIMU of the MOH of Russia, CEO of GEOTAR-Med, Advisor President of the National Medical Chamber, Moscow, Russian Federation

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